is strongly influenced by their attitudes toward risk, and many of the conventional deterministic results are, in general, not true in a world of uncertainty. Alternative measures of risk aversion are examined within the context of decision-making by both competitive and monopolistic firms. While research on the foundations of utility theory is not reviewed, a general Von Neumann-Morgenstern model of decision-making under uncertainty is presented. This paper is a survey of recent developments in probabilistic microeconomics. This research implies that increased perceived collaboration has an effect on learning and usefulness in maritime exercises. Increased awareness on the outcomes of collaboration exercise might increase their learning and usefulness, providing societies with improved rescue services. A smaller exercise, less dependency on predetermined scripts, and more receptivity towards improvisation could improve collaboration. The possible research implications from this study include more focus on collaboration and new training schemes that could increase learning and usefulness.Ĭollaboration between actors seemed to suffer from the size of the exercise.

The study showed that collaborative elements in exercises contribute to perceived learning ( R =0.86, R ² =0.74), and that learning in turn had a perceived beneficial effect on actual emergency work ( R =0.79, R ² =0.62). After the exercise, an online survey was distributed to emergency personnel holding different positions in conjunction with this exercise.Īs reported, the exercise contributed to new insights on the relationship between collaboration and learning. on-site observations, photos and interviews were conducted during the exercise. Mixed methods research approach was applied, i.e. It was estimated by the participants to be Europe’s most extensive exercise in 2016.

The exercise studied in this research was run in the far North in Norway. The purpose of this paper is to investigate participants’ perceived collaboration training in relation to learning and usefulness. This research investigates the perceived collaboration between public, private, and volunteer organisations during maritime crisis work, with an emphasis on learning and collaboration. The data was retrieved from a questionnaire, observations and interviews can add more and comprehensive insight into the studied phenomenon. The study indicates joint evaluations, improvising, and testing of new and alternative strategies across sectors are important when exercises are constructed. However, learning had a limited impact on utility.

The results indicate the importance of giving clear instructions, focus on collaboration, and sufficient forms of discussion during and after the exercise in order to gain learning. Findings indicate a strong covariation between participation in Norwegian wildland-fire collaboration exercises and the perceived level of learning, with a medium to small covariation between perceived learning and utility. The instrument of choice was the collaboration, learning, and utility (CLU) scale. Online survey data was collected from participants in a 2018 two-day, full-scale, wildland-fire collaboration exercise in southeastern Norway. Of the police, the fire and rescue service and the ambulance service on the accident scene.īased on the assumption that crisis collaboration exercises lead to better team-integration and more efficient problem solving, the aim of this study is to test whether there is a relationship between exercise participation and perceived levels of learning and utility. The result has practical implications in order to reduce the autonomy However, the level of interaction on the accident scene has not been Synchronous interaction, although this is rarely implemented. Rhetorically, however, they concur with a Sequential and parallel forms of interaction. Remain ”on their side” when dealing with an incident. The study shows that the organizations prefer to Sequential and parallel interaction to a high-intensity synchronous interaction.ĭata were collected during 2007-2008. Studied with the help of an interaction model on three levels. The study asks the question: How do theĮmergency organizations interact at the scene of an incident? The four organizations are This study examines the degree of interaction between SOS Alarm, the police, the fireĪnd rescue service and the ambulance service.

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