(1905) A British partition of the wealthy northeastern Indian province of Bengal for administrative expediency became a touch-point of anticolonial agitation. (1856-1920) Indian nationalist who demanded immediate independence from Britain, mobilizing Hindu religious symbolism to develop a mass following and arguing that violence was an acceptable tactic for anticolonial partisans. (1866-1915) Indian political leader, social reformer, and advocate of Indian self-government achieved through negotiation.

In the twentieth century, it would become the vehicle for India's independence under the leadership of Mohandas K. (1885) Formed by wealthy, Western-educated Indians to advance the cause of Indian involvement in their own governance. Revolt of Indian soldiers against British officers when they were required to use greased ammunition cartridges they suspected were being used to pollute them and cause them to convert to Christianity. (1772-1833) Bengali reformer and religious philosopher who opposed the caste system, polygamy, the prohibition of widow remarriage, the lack of education for common people, and discrimination against women. Japan's defeat of Russia was the first victory by an Asian military power over a European one in the industrial age. (1904-1905) War caused by territorial disputes in Manchuria and Korea. (1894-1895) A war caused by a rivalry over the Korean peninsula ended with a one-sided treaty that favored Japan, which obtained treaty rights in China as well as control of Korea and Taiwan. (1863-1901) An early Japanese feminist who urged that as part of the Meiji reforms, women should have equal access to modern education and be allowed to take part in public affairs. Large corporations that developed the Japanese industrial economy in close cooperation with the imperial government. (1868) A dramatic revolution in Japan that overthrew the Tokugawa, restored national authority to the emperor, and put the country on a path of political and economic reform under the slogans 'Revere the Emperor' and 'Expel the Barbarians.' Meiji industrialization turned Japan into a major world power. (1794-1858) American naval officer and diplomat whose 1853 visit to Japan opened that country's trade to the United States and other Western countries. Intended to drive out Westerners, it resulted instead in foreign occupation of Beijing. (1898) Chinese uprising triggered by a secret society called the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, a fiercely anti-Western group. She blocked the Hundred Days' Reforms and other 'Self-Strengthening' measures. (1835-1908) The 'Dowager Empress' who dominated Qing politics in the late nineteenth century, ruling as regent for the emperor Guangxu. Nineteenth-century Chinese reform movement with the motto 'Confucian ethics, Western science.' Advocates of Self-Strengthening sought a way to reconcile Western and Chinese systems of thought. (1850-1864) Massive rebellion against the Qing led by Hong Xiuquan, who claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ come to earth to create a 'Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace.' The imperial system was greatly weakened as a result of the uprising. The provision for extraterritoriality meant that Britons were subject to British rather than Chinese law. Britain was allowed to trade in additional Chinese ports and took control of Hong Kong. (1842) One-sided treaty that concluded the first Opium War. In the second Opium War (1856-1860), an Anglo-French force once again invaded to enforce the unequal treaties that resulted from the first war and extract further concessions. In the first Opium War (1839-1842), Britain invaded the Qing empire to force China to open to trade. Considered one of the founders of modern Japan. His ideas about learning, government, and society greatly influenced the Meiji Restoration. (1835-1901) Japanese writer, teacher, political theorist, and founder of Keio Academy (now Keio University).

Coursenotes ap world chapter 25